DIABETES MELLITUS SIMPLIFIED

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to make insulin, or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces.

TYPES OF DIABETES

There are three main types of diabetes – type 1, type 2 and gestational.

TYPE ONE DIABETES MELLITUS
Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but occurs most frequently in children and adolescents. When you have type 1 diabetes, your body produces very little or no insulin, which means that you need daily insulin injections to maintain blood glucose levels under control.

TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and accounts for around 90% of all diabetes cases. When you have type 2 diabetes, your body does not make good use of the insulin that it produces. The cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment is healthy lifestyle, including increased physical activity and healthy diet. However, over time most people with type 2 diabetes will require oral drugs and/or insulin to keep their blood glucose levels under control.

GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a type of diabetes that consists of high blood glucose during pregnancy and is associated with complications to both mother and child. GDM usually disappears after pregnancy but women affected and their children are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Symptoms of diabetes include
✅increased thirst and urination
✅increased hunger
fatigue
✅blurred vision
numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
✅sores that do not heal
✅unexplained weight loss
✅Frequent Infections

CAUSES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

TYPE 1
Viral or bacterial infection

Chemical toxins within food

Unidentified component causing autoimmune reaction

TYPE 2
Obesity
Living a sedentary lifestyle
Increasing age
Bad diet

COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing a number of serious health problems. Consistently high blood glucose levels can lead to serious diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves and teeth. In addition, people with diabetes also have a higher risk of developing infections. In almost all high-income countries, diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower limb amputation.

TREATMENT OF DM

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) require lifelong insulin therapy. Most require 2 or more injections of insulin daily, with doses adjusted on the basis of self-monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Type 2;
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others). Generally, metformin is the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. …
Sulfonylureas. …
Meglitinides. …
Thiazolidinediones. …
DPP-4 inhibitors. …
GLP-1 receptor agonists. …
SGLT2 inhibitors. …
Insulin.

PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
✅Eat Healthy Foods
✅Exercise
✅loose weight if BMI is greater than 25

##WorldDiabetesDay##